Before submitting a manuscript, read carefully and follow PAR’s Instructions to Authors. The Editorial Office can help authors with the submission process if needed. Decisions on submissions are expected to take approximately 10 weeks. The journal charges no fees.

Mission and scope

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports (PAR) is the official electronic, continuous-flow diamond open access publication of the São Paulo State Society of Anesthesiology (SAESP – Sociedade de Anestesiologia do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil). It publishes peer-reviewed Case Reports, Case Reports with Literature Reviews, Research Protocols, Systematic Reviews, Pictorial Reviews, Narrative Reviews, Short Communications, Letters to the Editor, Clinical Images, and Editorials, including basic, translational, and clinical research. PAR do not accept the submission of data results of original investigations related to randomized or observational trials or other related study design trials.

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports publishes original works in all correlated areas of anesthesia, critical care, pain, palliative care, and perioperative medicine as well as technology innovation and medical education. The PAR is a journal intended for researchers, anesthesiologists, and academics, as well as other health professionals. 

Plagiarism and duplicate publication

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports accepts only original manuscripts which are not under consideration by any other scientific publication and were not published before. Studies presented as abstracts in conferences or meetings, academic theses, and preprints are accepted as long as it is enlightened in the cover letter.

Submissions must not contain any plagiarism or self-plagiarism. The journal uses a cloud-based platform to identify manuscripts submitted to other publications that are under consideration or were already published. Authors must earn and send all permissions for any overlapping content to the Editorial Office and correctly identify them in the manuscript.

Use of artificial intelligence

Authors must disclose the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools and will be considered responsible for any content being texts and/or graphic elements used in the manuscript, as well as tools to help with the conduction of the study. Cite what was produced and/or conducted with the help of AI citing which tool, version, and prompts were used, securing rights and permissions, both in the cover letter and the manuscript. The journal is not responsible for any copyright violations from the unauthorized use of AI.

Peer review and editorial decision

All articles submitted for publication are analyzed by at least two external peer reviewers. After the submission of the manuscript via Submission Platform, the editorial office ensures that the Instructions to Authors are thoroughly followed. If not, the authors are asked to rectify what is needed. If all files and information are correct, the Editor-in-Chief delegates it to an Associate Editor who will manage the review process and guarantee the article’s quality. 

The PAR adopts a double-blind review process – reviewers and authors do not know each other’s identities at any stage of the publication process. The authors must remove from the manuscript all data that could identify them, such as names, affiliations, institutions, etc.

After all the reviews and the associate editor’s suggestion based in the reviewer's comments, the Editor-in-Chief takes the final decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of articles. Decisions on submissions are final.

Author’s appeals to decisions must be based on evidence and made by the corresponding author, who should contact the Editorial Office to submit a formal appeal. Decisions whether to consider or accept an appeal are ultimately made by the Editor-in-Chief. Any comments or complaints after decision made differently to what is specified here will not be considered.

Authors do not have to pay for any Article Processing Charge (APC) or Open Access Publication Fee.

After acceptance

Article proofs

The corresponding author will receive by e-mail the layouted version of the article for approval. It is only for checking typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text, tables and figures. At this stage, significant changes to the material accepted for publication by PAR will be considered only with the Editor-in-Chief's permission.

Make sure all corrections are sent back in a single communication to the Perioperative Anesthesia Reports. Please check your comments before replying, as the inclusion of any posterior changes are not guaranteed.

Publishing

After proofs are approved by the author and by the editorial office, the article is published, indexed, and archived on PAR’s official website as Open Access files.

Corrections and retractions

The journal follows the COPE guidelines to investigate potential errors and/or allegations of misconduct within a published article. An erratum will be published in case of errors that do not impact on the main point. In case of misconduct or errors that affect the main point of the article, however, it will be retracted.

No fees

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports is a Diamond Open Access journal with no fees. It is completely free to read, submit and publish.

Communications should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief by e-mail: editor.par@saesp.org.br. 

Types of article

Case Reports and Case Reports with Literature Review

PAR only publishes Clinical Information related to unprecedented cases or Case Reports describing innovations and new clinical approaches incorporating information other than merely presenting techniques, methods, or medical devices or novelties.

The authors must submit a copy of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) agreement or Informed Consent Form for all Case Reports. Even if your country or institution does not require them, they are mandatory for publication in the Perioperative Anesthesia Reports. Images or illustrations must be anonymized and unidentified. A specific authorization for publication must be obtained from the patient, family, or legal guardian and submitted with the Case Report.

The CARE guideline <https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/care/> is recommended for reporting one or a series of case studies. The ACRE guideline for Case Reports is directly related to perioperative practice <https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/anaesthesia-case-report-acre-checklist-a-tool-to-promote-high-quality-reporting-of-cases-in-peri-operative-practice/>.

Research Protocol

Primary clinical, observational, or experimental research information have different characteristics. A copy or link of the ethical approval of the study, as well as its registry, must be submitted with the manuscript. The author can check the list of registry platforms for clinical trials on <http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/>. Brazilian authors are strongly encouraged to register the study at ReBEC (The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials) <https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/> before submission.

To describe standard protocol items for a clinical trial, authors should use the SPIRIT guideline <https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/spirit-2013-statement-defining-standard-protocol-items-for-clinical-trials/> or the specific EQUATOR guideline <http://www.equator-network.org/> in accordance with the type of research protocol. 

Systematic Review

Authors should register the review protocol in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) and declare the review protocol in the Methods section, as well as inform where it is available. Summarize sections giving the implications of the main findings and avoid repeating published studies’ outcomes, seeking an evidence-based conclusion. It is encouraged to incorporate the protocol or the results of a new study with previous relevant studies.

PRISMA-P <https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma-protocols/> is the guideline for a systematic review protocol, and PRISMA is the guideline used to report a systematic review or meta-analysis <https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/>.

Narrative Review

A narrative or literature review follows no specific protocol and does not have specific questions or strategies, as it only includes previously published research addressing a critical overview of the authors on a specific topic. 

Short Communication

A brief research study with interesting findings and/or results. It has no abstract or headings. Methods, results, and discussion may be shown briefly and combined into a single section in paragraphs without subtitles. If it involves humans or animals, ethics approval is required.

Letter to the Editor

Letters to the Editor refer to interesting subjects, or approach constructive, objective, and educational comments on published articles of the PAR. Reporting research findings or Case Reports submitted as Letters to the Editor are not advised. The same submission process is the same as the other articles.

Clinical Image

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports considers the publication of Pictorial Reviews or Clinical Images providing both textual and visual portrayals of an issue depending on the educational merit and illustrations. The text must be short, with most of the message contained in the figures and captions. All figures, pictures, and data must be approved by the Institutional Research Board (IRB) or by an institution agreement.

Editorial

Editorials are non-peer-reviewed texts about matters of interest and do not include unpublished or original data. They are usually written by invitation of the Editor-in-Chief.

Reporting guidelines

To enhance research quality and transparency, the Perioperative Anesthesia Reports mandates the use of an appropriate Reporting Guideline to any manuscript. Guidance on each type of study and how to choose the correct reporting guideline can be found on the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) website <http://www.equator-network.org/>.

Authors must submit a checklist of the adequate reporting guideline and flow diagram, if applicable. The checklist helps to ensure that the specific reporting guideline was used correctly and supports the editors and reviewers. If there is an item that was not addressed in the manuscript, authors should explain why this information is not relevant.

Language

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports only publishes and receives submissions in US English. The authors are advised to send it to a certified review service such as Proof-Reading-Service (PRS), Enago, American Journal Experts (AJE).

Use of inclusive language: Manuscripts must be written in inclusive language that acknowledges diversity and conveys respect to all people, free from bias. Authors should not make assumptions about the beliefs or commitments. Nothing in the text should imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of race, sex, culture, or any other characteristics.

Authorship

Authorship with full names, ORCID id (Open Researcher and Contributor ID), affiliations, and contributions of all authors, indicating the Corresponding Author should be included in the Title Page. The Corresponding Author is responsible for all communications with the Editorial Office.

Authors with no ORCID id can register at <https://orcid.org/>.

Inclusion criteria

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports adopts ICMJE criteria for authorship: <http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html>. Each author is required to declare their contribution to the article, with roles described in the cover letter.

The authors should have made substantial contributions to at least one of the following: conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, draft or critical revise of the article for important intellectual content, and their participation must be declared in the disclosure statement.

Changes to authorship

Any addition, deletion, or rearrangement in the authorship list should be made before the acceptance of the manuscript. The corresponding author must specify the reason for the change(s) and send written agreement from all authors, including the one being added or removed.

While the Editor-in-Chief considers the request, the publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If it was already published, the change(s) will result in a corrigendum.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements can be used to list individuals who helped during the research, e.g., language help, writing assis­tance, proofreading the article, etc.

The acknowledgments must be included in the cover letter and by the end of the manuscript.

Competing interests

Funding sources

Financial support to the research must be cited in a concise way describing the role of the sponsor(s). If the funding source did not have such involvement, it should be stated as well. To facilitate compliance with funder requirements, list the funding sources in a standard format (i.e., This work was supported by the XXXXX [grant number xxxx]). Grants and awards do not need to be described in detail.

When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, cite the name of the insti­tute or organization that provided it.

If the research had no funding, include the following sentence: “This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies from public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors”.

Conflicts of interest

All authors must disclose financial or personal relationships with other people and/or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work (bias). If there are no conflicts of interest, please state: “Conflicts of interest: none”.

Research data

The Perioperative Anesthesia Reports encourages authors to cite and share data that supports the research in an appropriate data repository. Research data refers to the results of observation or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, the authors can share the software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods, and other valuable materials related to the project.

To foster transparency, the Perioperative Anesthesia Reports encourages the authors to state data availability during submission. If the data is unavailable for access or unsuitable to post, this gives the author the opportunity to indicate why. If the author submits this form with the manuscript as a supplementary file, the statement will appear next to the published article.

Ethics in publishing

The submission of a copy of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) agreement and/or the Informed Consent form for publication are mandatory.

Studies in animals

All animal exper­iments should comply with the AR­RIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines: <http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/improving-bioscience-research-re­porting-the-arrive-guidelines-for-re­porting-animal-research/> and be carried out according to the local country regulation. It is essential to clearly indicate in the manuscript that they have been followed and upload the guidelines’ checklist.

Indicate the sex of animals (and, when appropriate, the association or influence of sex on the results section), their genotype, source, strain, number of backcrosses, and age of the animals.

Studies in humans

If the study in­volves human subjects, the authors should ensure that the research described has been carried out in ac­cordance with The Decla­ration of Helsinki – The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association for experiments involving humans: <https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/>. The manuscript must state that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. Privacy rights must al­ways be observed and protected.

The manuscript must be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals <http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf> and aim for the inclusion of different human populations (sex, age, and ethnicity) as per those recommendations. It must also contain data on age (mean with range), height (m), weight (kg), sex (male/female, with numbers and percentages), criteria for selection, health conditions, among others that are signifi­cant to the study results. Complex information is better understood if presented in tables.

• Informed consent and patient details: studies require the approval of Institutional Ethical Committee or Internal Review Board (IRB). Informed consent should be documented in the manuscript. Appropriate consents, permissions, and releases must be obtained before including case details, personal information, or images of patients or any other individuals. Indicate how the consents were obtained and have them available in case they are requested by the reviewers.
• Images: must be non-identified and anonymous; a signed au­thorization for publication should be obtained from the patient, legal guardian, or family. If there is no written permission, patients’ personal details included in any part of the article and/or supplementary materials (includ­ing illustrations and videos) must be removed before submission.

Author agreement term

Along with the submission process, the Corresponding Author will be asked to complete and sign PAR’s Author Agreement Term.

If one of the authors disagrees with the submission, they can get in touch via email: <par@editoracubo.com.br>.

Open access

Copyright, access and reuse rights

The PAR is a Diamond Open Access journal, allowing unrestricted virtual access (with no financial barriers) to all scientific texts published by the journal. All articles will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read, download, copy, and distribute.

Authors retain the copyrights of their respective articles. All the articles published by PAR are Open Access distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits immediate unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

You can find the complete text of the license deed and its legal code on the Creative Commons website. It is important to understand the terms of the license to ensure compliance with the attribution requirements when using or sharing content covered by CC BY 4.0.

Submission files

All the files must be in US English.

The submission of an article implies that the paper is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and has not been previously published, except if the publication was in the form of an Abstract, Academic Thesis, or as part of Published Lecture. Preprints can be submitted and will not count as prior publication. If the manuscript was already published in the accepted forms cited here, this must be disclosed in the cover letter.

The submitted article must not be under consideration or have been published in any other journal. It will be checked for plagiarism through iThenti­cate: <http://www.ithenticate.com/>.

Cover letter

In the cover letter, the corresponding author should advocate to PAR’s Editor-in-chief why the journal should consider the article for publication. State the roles of the authors, the novelty and value of the authors’ work, and the scope of the article. Declare that the article was not previously published and cite if it was published as a preprint or academic work. Also, indicate the number of tables, words, and figures of the manuscript submitted.

The cover letter will not be part of the final version of the article.

Title page

The title page must contain the following:

• Title and running title;
• Authorship with the complete names, ORCID id (Open Researcher and Contributor ID), affiliations, and contributions of all authors, indicating the Corresponding Author, who will be responsible for all communications with the Editorial Office, including her/his contact information. If the authors don’t have an ORCID, it can be registered at <https://orcid.org/>;
• Place where the study was carried out;
• Statement of ethics, conflicts of interest, and financial support;
• Copy or attachment of the Institutional Re­search Board (IRB) approval as well as the link for the study registry;
• You can download a model of Title Page clicking here.

Manuscript

The manuscript file must be submitted in Word and include the following:

Title

Must be concise and informative, written in the simplest way possible and including the study design, as it is often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid formulae and abbreviations unless necessary, as well as commercial and copyrighted names. Avoid titles longer than 150 characters. The titles must be in US English with only the first letter in uppercase.

Abstract

The abstract provides readers with a brief overview of the study to capture their interest, thus it should include the context for the research, as well as state the importance of the findings. It must have the following sections according to the type of study: Research protocol – Background, Methods and Conclusions; Systematic Review: – Background, Methods, Results and Discussion; Others: Unstructured.

Keywords

Provide three to six descriptors/key words to represent the article’s content. They must be in alphabetical order, separated by commas, and based on MeSH (The Medical Subject Headings).

Manuscript sections (body text)

The studies and findings should be presented in sections according to the type of study.

Case reports: Introduction, Case Report, Discussion.

Case Reports with Literature Review: Introduction, Case Report, Review, Discussion.

Systematic Review: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion.

Others: Unstructured.

References

All references must follow the Vancouver Style, and the names of the journals/publications should be abbreviated according to the Index Medicus – abbreviation of journal titles. They must be accurate so that links to abstracting and indexing services can be created. A DOI (Digital Object Identifier) never changes, so the author can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article.

References must be cited and numbered (in superscript) according to the order in which they are cited in the manuscript. Please check the maximum number of references allowed according to the type of manuscript.

Tables and figures

Tables and figures must be cited in sequence and placed at the end of the manuscript (after the References). Tables must be submitted as editable files. Check the maximum number of Figures+Tables according to the type of manuscript.

Artwork

Graphic images or pictures must be anonymized and unidentified. Specific signed authorization for publication must be obtained from the patient, family, or legal guardians.

Image manipulation: Sometimes images need to be manipulated for clarity and to avoid scientific ethical abuse or fraud. In these cases, some rules must be followed:

• No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced.
• Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information pres­ent in the original.
• Nonlinear adjustments must be disclosed in the figure caption.
• The resolution of the material must be 300+ dpi.
• Make sure to use uniform lettering and sizing in your original artwork.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for artwork files.

Format: When the electronic artwork is finalized, please save the images as one of the following formats.

• EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as “graphics”.
• TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs.
• TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings, use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
• TIFF (or JPG): Combinations of bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale) require a minimum of 500 dpi.

Do not supply files in low resolution or optimized for screen use. Do not submit graphics disproportionately large for the content.

Captions: Each figure must have a brief title and a description, as well as captions that explain all used symbols and abbre­viations. This data must be written separately, not attached to figures, keeping text in the illustrations to a minimum.

Abbreviations

The authors should define abbreviations the first time they are mentioned in the article. Abbreviations in the abstract must be defined when first mentioned. Ensure consistency throughout the article. 

Units

The authors must follow internationally accepted rules and conventions and the International System of Units (SI). If other units are mentioned, include their equivalent in SI. 

Supplementary material

Scientific research can be supported and enhanced with supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips, videos, etc.

The supplementary material must be submitted with the article along with a concise and descriptive caption and is published exactly as it is received. During any stage of the process, if you wish to make changes, upload an updated version to the submission. Make sure the "Track Changes" and corrections underlines are turned off in any Microsoft Office file.

Videos and animation are accepted. Authors who wish to make them available should include links to them within the body of the article. All files should be properly labeled so that they can directly relate to the video file’s content, with a maximum size of 150 MB.

Authors rights

Authors retain the copyrights of their respective articles. All the articles published by PAR are Open Access distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits immediate unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

For more information, access: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0.

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